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HBM

HBM stands for High Bandwidth Memory, a type of RAM designed to deliver data to the processor, most often a graphics processing unit (GPU) in an AI accelerator, much faster than standard memory modules. The key is its architecture, where several memory chips are stacked vertically on top of each other and connected to the processor via a very wide communication bus. This design significantly increases data throughput, which is the amount of data that can be transferred within a given time. For artificial intelligence tasks that deal with vast volumes of data and extensive models, fast data access is crucial. Thanks to HBM, a powerful computing chip does not have to wait for data from slower memory, which allows for its full utilization and speeds up processes such as training neural networks. To understand how it differs from conventional gaming graphics memory, a comparison with GDDR (Graphics Double Data Rate), such as GDDR6 or GDDR7, is helpful. GDDR consists of individual chips placed on the board around the graphics core and relies on very high clock speeds over a relatively narrow bus (typically 32 bits per chip). HBM takes the opposite approach. It runs at lower clock speeds but, thanks to vertically stacked chips and an extremely wide bus (1024 bits or more per stack), it transfers more data at once. The result is significantly higher total data throughput for HBM and a better performance-per-watt ratio, which is crucial for data centres and AI training. GDDR, by contrast, is cheaper, easier to manufacture and easier to scale in capacity, which is why it dominates in gaming and consumer graphics cards.

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